Mark Berch

Public debt
Issues of debt by governments to compensate for a lack of tax revenues.

Institutionalization
The gradual domination of financial markets by institutional investors, as opposed to individual investors. This process has occurred throughout the industrialized world.

Exact matching
A bondportfolio managementstrategy that involves finding the lowest cost portfolio generating cash inflows exactly equal to cash outflows that are being financed by investment.( ...

Mark Berch
Composite tape
See: Tape

Book to bill
The book-to-bill ratio is the ratio of orders taken (booked) to products shipped and bills sent (billed). The ratio measures whether the company has more orders than it can deliver (>1), equal amounts (=1), or less (

Eric Berch

Level
Used in the context of general equities. Price measure of an indication.



One-share-one-vote rule
The principle that all shareholders should have equal voting rights in publiccompanies and each shareholder should have one vote.( - Mark Berch)

Ian Berch: Before-tax contributions
The portion of an employee's salary contributed to a retirement plan before federal income taxes are deducted; this reduces the individual's gross income for federal tax purposes.
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